Component Choice Workflow

A nested checklist for picking the right component when several feel "close enough." Use this before you reach for shadcn/ui, MUI, Headless UI, React Native Paper, or Tamagui - the wrong primitive locks in friction that no styling can fix later.

This guide treats web React and React Native / mobile web as first-class citizens. Where they diverge, the recommendation calls it out explicitly.

Step 1 - Frame the decision before browsing component libraries

• What is the user actually doing? (selecting, navigating, disclosing, confirming, inputting, monitoring)
• How many options / states / steps are involved? (1, 2, 3–5, 6–15, 16+, unbounded)
• Is the choice mutually exclusive or multi-select?
• Is the result reversible or destructive? (destructive needs more friction)
• What is the primary surface - desktop, mobile web, native iOS, native Android, or all four?
• What's the input modality? (mouse, touch, keyboard-only, screen reader, voice, stylus)
• Is the component on the critical path (checkout, signup) or ambient (settings, filters)?
• Are options known at build time, fetched once, or streamed/paginated?
• Does the user need to compare options side-by-side, or scan sequentially?

If you can't answer these in one sentence each, stop and clarify with the requester. The component decisions below are downstream of this framing.

Step 2 - Pick the family

Match the user's intent to a family, then drill into the specific component in Step 3.

• Selection - user picks 1+ from a known set → Step 3A
• Binary state - user toggles on/off → Step 3B
• Disclosure - user reveals/hides content in place → Step 3C
• Overlay / transient - content floats above the page → Step 3D
• Navigation - user moves between views → Step 3E
• Sequential content - user pages through a series → Step 3F
• Numeric / range input → Step 3G
• Notification / status → Step 3H

Step 3A - Selection: radio, checkbox, select, combobox, segmented, chips

The single most ambiguous family. Decide by count, exclusivity, and screen real estate.

Single-select (mutually exclusive)

• 2 options that fit on one line? → Segmented control / Toggle Group (mobile-friendly, instant, no hidden state). Web: ToggleGroup. Native: segmented control / SegmentedButtons (Paper).
• 2–5 options, all important to see at once? → Radio group. Best for forms where the choice itself is informative (shipping speed, plan tier).
• 6–15 options? → Select / Dropdown. On mobile, prefer the native <select> on web and the native picker (Picker / ActionSheetIOS / BottomSheet) on React Native - they get the OS-level wheel/sheet UI for free.
• 16+ options or fetched dynamically? → Combobox / Autocomplete with type-to-filter. Required once scrolling becomes painful.
• Hierarchical or grouped options (country → state)? → Cascading select or Combobox with grouped sections, not nested radios.
• Visual options (colors, avatars, templates)? → Radio cards or chip group, not a text dropdown.

Mobile gotcha: a custom dropdown that worked beautifully on desktop usually feels broken on a phone (small hit target, no momentum scroll, no haptics). Default to native pickers on touch surfaces unless you have a strong reason.

Multi-select

• 2–7 options, all visible? → Checkbox group.
• 8+ options or filterable? → Multi-select combobox with chips for selected values.
• Tag / category style with free-text entry? → Tag input / chip input.
• Mutually exclusive within categories (filter facets)? → Faceted filter panel (checkbox groups inside accordions or popovers).

Step 3B - Binary state: switch, checkbox, toggle button

These three are not interchangeable. Pick by when the change takes effect and what kind of value it represents.

• Setting that takes effect immediately, no submit needed? → Switch (e.g. "Dark mode," "Notifications"). On native, use the platform Switch - iOS and Android render it differently and users expect that.
• One of many options in a form, applied on submit? → Checkbox (e.g. "I agree to terms," "Subscribe to newsletter").
• A press that changes view state, like bold/italic in an editor? → Toggle button (icon button with aria-pressed).
• A truly transient action that does something now and isn't a state? → Button, not a toggle.

Accessibility: switches need role="switch" (web) and the right accessibilityRole (switch, native). A checkbox styled like a switch fails screen readers.

Step 3C - Disclosure: accordion vs collapsible vs tabs vs details

All four hide content until requested. Differ on how many panels can be open and whether the items are peers.

• Many independent peer items, any number can be open at once (FAQ)? → Accordion (multi-open mode).
• Many peer items, only one open at a time (specs / shipping / reviews)? → Accordion (single-open mode) or Tabs - pick Tabs if the panels are roughly equal in importance and length, Accordion if they're long-form prose.
• A single show/hide region - "Show more," advanced settings? → Collapsible (one disclosure, no group).
• Tiny inline expansion, native-feeling, no JS state needed? → <details> / <summary> on web. Browser-native, free a11y, free SEO, free Ctrl+F discoverability.
• Mobile context, panels are full-width and content is heavy? → Accordion (Tabs become cramped under ~360px).
• Mobile context, content is short and side-by-side comparison helps? → Tabs with horizontal scroll for overflow.

Anti-pattern: tabs with 7+ items on mobile. Either switch to a select / segmented scroll, or rethink the IA.

Step 3D - Overlays: modal vs drawer vs popover vs tooltip vs toast

Pick by focus stealing, dismissibility, and content size.

• Blocks the whole task until handled, may have a form? → Modal / Dialog. Trap focus, return focus on close.
• Side panel of related content, page underneath stays meaningful? → Drawer / Sheet. On mobile, prefer bottom sheet (thumb-reachable); on desktop, side drawer.
• Small contextual menu or info anchored to a trigger? → Popover.
• One-line, hover-only, supplementary label? → Tooltip. ⚠️ Tooltips don't exist on touch - never put critical info there. Mobile users will miss it.
• Confirming a destructive action? → Alert dialog (a more constrained modal with explicit confirm/cancel).
• Time-limited feedback after an action ("Saved")? → Toast / Snackbar. Don't put required actions in a toast - it auto-dismisses.
• Persistent in-page status that the user must acknowledge? → Alert / Banner (stays until dismissed or fixed).

Mobile rule of thumb: if you'd reach for a popover or tooltip on desktop, reach for a bottom sheet on mobile. Anchored overlays misbehave when the keyboard opens.

Step 3E - Navigation: tabs vs sidebar vs segmented vs breadcrumb vs bottom nav

• 2–5 peer views inside one page? → Tabs.
• 5–15 destinations across the whole app, desktop-first? → Sidebar nav.
• 3–5 top-level destinations on mobile? → Bottom tab bar (native pattern on iOS/Android; on mobile web, fixed bottom nav).
• Showing depth / location in a hierarchy? → Breadcrumb.
• 2–4 view modes (list / grid / map)? → Segmented control in the header, not tabs.
• Many destinations with overflow? → Sidebar with collapsible sections (web) or drawer triggered by hamburger (mobile).

Step 3F - Sequential / paginated content: carousel, pagination, infinite scroll, stepper

Horizontal vs vertical carousel

• Items the user is browsing (products, photos, recommendations)? → Horizontal carousel (pairs with thumb-swipe on mobile, mouse drag on desktop).
• Items the user is consuming sequentially (stories, reels, feed)? → Vertical carousel / vertical pager (TikTok / Stories model). Right when each item is full-screen and immersive.
• Both axes feel plausible (a gallery)? → Horizontal, except on TV / large landscape screens where vertical reads as a list and horizontal reads as featured.
• More than ~10 items? → Don't carousel - switch to a scrollable rail (no auto-advance, no pagination dots), a grid, or pagination.
• Hero / promotional carousel? → Strongly consider not building one. Auto-advancing hero carousels have well-documented engagement drops; a static hero or two stacked cards usually outperform.

Pagination vs infinite scroll vs load-more

• User needs deep linkability and back-button predictability (search results)? → Pagination.
• Mobile feed where engagement matters more than navigation? → Infinite scroll, but with a footer that's still reachable (use a "Load more" button at the end of the practical first batch, or expose a footer in a drawer).
• User needs to know how much is left? → Load-more button with a count, not infinite.
• Multi-step form / wizard? → Stepper, with a visible progress indicator.

Step 3G - Numeric & range input: slider, stepper, input, segmented

• Imprecise value where feel matters (volume, brightness)? → Slider.
• Precise value the user knows (age, quantity)? → Number input with inputMode="numeric" on mobile.
• Small integer range, ±1 actions feel natural (cart quantity)? → Stepper / NumberInput with ± buttons. Touch-friendly hit targets are essential here (44pt minimum).
• Range with two endpoints (min price–max price)? → Range slider.
• 3–5 discrete buckets? → Segmented control ("S / M / L / XL"), not a slider.
• Date or time? → Native picker on mobile (<input type="date"> web, DatePickerIOS / DatePickerAndroid / community date picker on RN). Custom calendars are right only when range, multi-select, or business rules require it.

Step 3H - Notification / status: toast, alert, banner, badge, skeleton

• Action just completed, no acknowledgement needed? → Toast (3–5s).
• Persistent system message ("You're offline")? → Banner at top.
• Inline form/field problem? → Inline alert under the field.
• Page-level error or warning? → Alert component at the top of the content area.
• Numeric or boolean indicator on another element ("3 unread")? → Badge.
• Loading content the user is about to see? → Skeleton matching the final layout (not a spinner) for perceived-performance wins.
• Indeterminate background work? → Spinner / progress indicator.

Step 4 - Cross-cutting checks before you commit

Run this list against the component you've chosen.

• Touch targets ≥ 44pt (iOS) / 48dp (Android)? Especially for steppers, switches, close buttons.
• Keyboard navigable? Tab order makes sense, Enter/Space activate, Escape closes overlays.
• Screen reader announces state changes? aria-expanded, aria-pressed, aria-selected, role="switch", aria-live for toasts.
• Works without JS / on slow networks? Native <select>, <details>, <form> degrade gracefully; custom replacements often don't.
• Respects prefers-reduced-motion? Carousels, accordions, sheets should skip or shorten animation.
• Right-to-left safe? Carousels, breadcrumbs, sliders need RTL-aware direction.
• Keyboard-only mobile users (Bluetooth keyboards on iPad)? Same focus rules as desktop.
• Dark mode tokens applied? Not just the surface - borders, focus rings, disabled states.
• Component scales to the longest realistic content? Translated strings can be 30–60% longer.
• Component has a sensible empty state? Empty selects, empty lists, no-results.

Step 5 - Web ↔ Mobile parity quick map

Same intent, different primitive. Pick the platform-native one when shipping React Native, and the closest web equivalent when shipping web.

Step 6 - Defaults when you're stuck

If you've gone through the checklist and two options still feel equally valid, use these defaults - they're the lowest-risk pick most of the time:

• Selection of unknown size → Combobox.
• Toggle in a settings screen → Switch.
• Toggle in a form submitted later → Checkbox.
• One-of-three view modes → Segmented control.
• Confirm a destructive action → Alert dialog with the destructive button styled red and labelled with the verb ("Delete account"), not "OK."
• Mobile overlay → Bottom sheet.
• Mobile single-select dropdown → Native picker.
• List of 50+ items → Virtualized list (react-window web, FlatList / FlashList native), never a plain .map().

Cross-references

• Accordion, Tabs - disclosure decisions in Step 3C
• Radio Group, Checkbox, Select, Dropdown, Toggle Group - Step 3A
• Switch - Step 3B
• Modal, Popover, Tooltip, Toast, Alert - Step 3D
• Sidebar, Breadcrumb, Pagination - Step 3E and 3F
• Slider - Step 3G
• Badge, Skeleton - Step 3H